Nisaa
Scholars hold different opinions regarding the obligation to make up a missed prayer due to an excuse, such as menstruation or postpartum bleeding, after its time has begun.
The Hanafi and Maliki scholars hold that making up the prayer is not obligatory. This is the opinion favored by Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah, who said: "If the prayer time begins and then a preventing factor, such as insanity or menstruation, occurs, there is no obligation to make up the prayer." He also said: “The strongest opinion based on evidence is the view of Malik and a narration from Abu Hanifa that she is not required to do anything. This is because making up a missed prayer requires a new command, and there is no such command obligating her to make it up. Additionally, she delayed the prayer in a permissible manner, so she is not negligent.”.
The Shafi'i and Hanbali scholars consider that she needs to make it up. The Shafi'i scholars state that if enough time had passed for the prayer to be performed before the excuse occurred, then it must be made up. However, if there was not enough time to perform it, then it is not required. The Hanbali scholars say that if there was enough time to do just the opening takbir (Takbir al-Ihram) before the excuse occurred, the prayer must be made up. This opinion is mainly based on the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The one who catches up with one rak‘ah of the prayer has caught up with the prayer.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim).
Regarding the time to make up this prayer in that case, it should be as soon as the excuse preventing it is gone. After menstruation, perform ghusl and pray immediately, even if it’s not the scheduled time for that prayer, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If a person forgets a prayer, let him offer it as soon as he remembers; there is no expiation for it other than that.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).